California has the second largest Native American population in the United States,
including 108 federally-recognized Indian tribes — desert, mountain, inland, valley, coastal,
river tribes — and with 18 California Indian reservations, San Diego County has more
Native American Indian reservations than any other county in the United States.
There are four surviving aboriginal Native American Indian nations still living in San Diego County at the turn of the 21st Century:
Luiseno Luiseño Indians
Kumeyaay - Diegueno Indian Nation
AKA: Diegueño Indians, the Kumeyaay Nation, Ipay Tipay Indians, or the Mission Indians of San Diego
They consist of 13 federally (USA) recognized tribal governances and 5 Mexico tribes.
Kumeyaay Information Village
- Online info about the history and current makeup of the Kumeyaay Nation.
branch of the Native Yuman Indians of North America, Southern California, southwestern Arizona, and northern Baja California, Mexico.
The Yuman peoples belong to the HOKAN language group of southwest USA.
In 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo ended the US-Mexican American War and established
the current U.S.-Mexico Border through the heart of indigenous Kumeyaay territory, cutting the
Kumeyaay Nation into two distinct parts. Today, over 150 years later, the international border
remains an effective wall to all but a selected few of the area's southern indigenous Indians.
San Luiseno Indian Nation
Rincon San Luiseño Band of Mission Indians - Valley Center CA - Indian Casino
Pauma/Yuima Band of Mission Indians - Pauma Valley CA - Indian Casino
Cupeno Indian Nation
Pala Band of Mission Indians - Pala CA
- Many of the Pala Indians trace their heritage back to Cupa. Before 1810, the Cupans had very little contact with outsiders --- Spanish or otherwise.
Cahuilla Indian Nation
Fort Yuma Quechan Tribe - Yuma AZ
Home of the Quechan (pronounced Kwuh-tsan) Indians, Fort Yuma-Quechan Reservation is located along both sides of the Colorado River near Yuma, Arizona.
For centuries they battled the Papago, Apache, and other tribes for control of the fertile flood plains of the Colorado River.
In addition to farming and the sand and gravel operation, this tribe counts heavily on winter tourism.