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The Rogue Valley is a farming and timber-producing region in southwestern oregon along the middle Rogue River and its tributaries in Josephine and Jackson counties. The largest communities in the Rogue Valley include Medford, Ashland, and Grants Pass. The most populated part of the Rogue Valley is not along the Rogue proper, but along the smaller Bear Creek tributary.
The valley is characterized by a mild climate that allows a long growing season, especially for many varieties of fruits and nuts. A small regional manufacturing industry is centered at Medford. In recent years the area has emerged as a wine-growing region. The mild climate and relative isolation had made the valley a popular retirement destination.
In the early 19th century, the river valley was inhabited by the Shasta, Takelma, and Rogue River tribes of Native Americans. The early fur traders then arrived and named this river the "River of the Rogues". The Donation Land Act of 1850 produced a flood of white settlers. Between 1836 and 1856, the valley was the scene of a series of bloody conflicts between white settlers and the Rogue River tribe. In 1851 gold was discovered in the nearby mountains. The mining activity was centered on the now-restored town of Jacksonville west of Medford. At the peak of the gold rush some $70 million was extracted from the Rogue.
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